Sue Brandreth's Learning Resources

Chapter 1 Computer Networks and the Internet 1
1.1 What Is the Internet? 2
1.1.1 A Nuts-and-Bolts Description 2
1.1.2 A Services Description 5
1.1.3 What Is a Protocol? 7
1.2 The Network Edge 9
1.2.1 Access Networks 12
1.2.3 Physical Media 18
1.3 The Network Core 22
1.3.1 Packet Switching 22
1.3.2 Circuit Switching 27
1.3.3 A Network of Networks 32
1.4 Delay, Loss, and Throughput in Packet-Switched Networks 35
1.4.1 Overview of Delay in Packet-Switched Networks 35
1.4.2 Queuing Delay and Packet Loss 39
1.4.3 End-to-End Delay 42
1.4.4 Throughput in Computer Networks 44
1.5 Protocol Layers and Their Service Models 47
1.5.1 Layered Architecture 47
1.5.2 Encapsulation 53
1.6 Networks Under Attack 55
1.7 History of Computer Networking and the Internet 60
1.7.1 The Development of Packet Switching: 1961―1972 60
1.7.2 Proprietary Networks and Internetworking: 1972―1980 62
1.7.3 A Proliferation of Networks: 1980―1990 63
1.7.4 The Internet Explosion: The 1990s 64
1.7.5 The New Millennium 65
1.8 Summary 66
Homework Problems and Questions 68
Problems 70
Wireshark Lab 78
Interview: Leonard Kleinrock 80

Chapter 2 Application Layer 83
2.1 Principles of Network Applications 84
2.1.1 Network Application Architectures 86
2.1.2 Processes Communicating 88
2.1.3 Transport Services Available to Applications 91
2.1.4 Transport Services Provided by the Internet 93
2.1.5 Application-Layer Protocols 96
2.1.6 Network Applications Covered in This Book 97
2.2 The Web and HTTP 98
2.2.1 Overview of HTTP 98
2.2.2 Non-Persistent and Persistent Connections 100
2.2.3 HTTP Message Format 103
2.2.4 User-Server Interaction: Cookies 108
2.2.5 Web Caching 110
2.2.6 The Conditional GET 114
2.3 File Transfer: FTP 116
2.3.1 FTP Commands and Replies 118
2.4 Electronic Mail in the Internet 118
2.4.1 SMTP 121
2.4.2 Comparison with HTTP 124
2.4.3 Mail Message Format 125
2.4.4 Mail Access Protocols 125
2.5 DNS–The Internet’s Directory Service 130
2.5.1 Services Provided by DNS 131
2.5.2 Overview of How DNS Works 133
2.5.3 DNS Records and Messages 139
2.6 Peer-to-Peer Applications 144
2.6.1 P2P File Distribution 145
2.6.2 Distributed Hash Tables (DHTs) 151
2.6.3 Case Study: P2P Internet Telephony with Skype 158
2.7 Socket Programming: Creating Network Applications 156
2.7.1 Socket Programming with UDP 157
2.7.2 Socket Programming with TCP 163
2.8 Summary 168
Homework Problems and Questions 169
Problems 171
Socket Programming Assignments 179
Wireshark Labs 181
Interview: Bram Cohen 182

Chapter 3 Transport Layer 185
3.1 Introduction and Transport-Layer Services 186
3.1.1 Relationship Between Transport and Network Layers 186
3.1.2 Overview of the Transport Layer in the Internet 189
3.2 Multiplexing and Demultiplexing 191
3.3 Connectionless Transport: UDP 198
3.3.1 UDP Segment Structure 202
3.3.2 UDP Checksum 202
3.4 Principles of Reliable Data Transfer 204
3.4.1 Building a Reliable Data Transfer Protocol 206
3.4.2 Pipelined Reliable Data Transfer Protocols 215
3.4.3 Go-Back-N (GBN) 218
3.4.4 Selective Repeat (SR) 223
3.5 Connection-Oriented Transport: TCP 230
3.5.1 The TCP Connection 231
3.5.2 TCP Segment Structure 233
3.5.3 Round-Trip Time Estimation and Timeout 238
3.5.4 Reliable Data Transfer 242
3.5.5 Flow Control 250
3.5.6 TCP Connection Management 252
3.6 Principles of Congestion Control 259
3.6.1 The Causes and the Costs of Congestion 259
3.6.2 Approaches to Congestion Control 265
3.6.3 Network-Assisted Congestion-Control Example:
ATM ABR Congestion Control 266
3.7 TCP Congestion Control 269
3.7.1 Fairness 279
3.8 Summary 283
Homework Problems and Questions 285
Problems 288
Programming Assignments 300
Wireshark Lab: Exploring TCP 301
Wireshark Lab: Exploring UDP 301
Interview: Sally Floyd 302

Chapter 4 The Network Layer 305
4.1 Introduction 306
4.1.1 Forwarding and Routing 308
4.1.2 Network Service Models 310
4.2 Virtual Circuit and Datagram Networks 313
4.2.1 Virtual-Circuit Networks 314
4.2.2 Datagram Networks 317
4.2.3 Origins of VC and Datagram Networks 319
4.3 What’s Inside a Router? 320
4.3.1 Input Processing 322
4.3.2 Switching 324
4.3.3 Output Processing 326
4.3.4 Where Does Queuing Occur? 327
4.3.5 The Routing Control Plane 331
4.4 The Internet Protocol (IP): Forwarding and Addressing in the Internet 331
4.4.1 Datagram Format 332
4.4.2 IPv4 Addressing 338
4.4.3 Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) 353
4.4.4 IPv6 356
4.4.5 A Brief Introduction into IP Security 362
4.5 Routing Algorithms 363
4.5.1 The Link-State (LS) Routing Algorithm 366
4.5.2 The Distance-Vector (DV) Routing Algorithm 371
4.5.3 Hierarchical Routing 379
4.6 Routing in the Internet 383
4.6.1 Intra-AS Routing in the Internet: RIP 384
4.6.2 Intra-AS Routing in the Internet: OSPF 388
4.6.3 Inter-AS Routing: BGP 390
4.7 Broadcast and Multicast Routing 399
4.7.1 Broadcast Routing Algorithms 400
4.7.2 Multicast 405
4.8 Summary 412
Homework Problems and Questions 413
Problems 416
Socket Programming Assignment 428
Programming Assignment 429
Wireshark Labs 430
Interview: Vinton G. Cerf 431

Chapter 5 The Link Layer: Links, Access Networks, and LANs 433
5.1 Introduction to the Link Layer 434
5.1.1 The Services Provided by the Link Layer 436
5.1.2 Where Is the Link Layer Implemented? 437
5.2 Error-Detection and -Correction Techniques 438
5.2.1 Parity Checks 440
5.2.2 Checksumming Methods 442
5.2.3 Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) 443
5.3 Multiple Access Links and Protocols 445
5.3.1 Channel Partitioning Protocols 448
5.3.2 Random Access Protocols 449
5.3.3 Taking-Turns Protocols 459
5.3.4 DOCSIS: The Link-Layer Protocol for Cable Internet Access 460
5.4 Switched Local Area Networks 461
5.4.1 Link-Layer Addressing and ARP 462
5.4.2 Ethernet 469
5.4.3 Link-Layer Switches 476
5.4.4 Virtual Local Area Networks (VLANs) 482
5.5 Link Virtualization: A Network as a Link Layer 486
5.5.1 Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) 487
5.6 Data Center Networking 490
5.7 Retrospective: A Day in the Life of a Web Page Request 495
5.7.1 Getting Started: DHCP, UDP, IP, and Ethernet 495
5.7.2 Still Getting Started: DNS, ARP 497
5.7.3 Still Getting Started: Intra-Domain Routing to the DNS Server 498
5.7.4 Web Client-Server Interaction: TCP and HTTP 499
5.8 Summary 500
Homework Problems and Questions 502
Problems 503
Wireshark Labs 510
Interview: Simon S. Lam 511

Chapter 6 Wireless and Mobile Networks 513
6.1 Introduction 514
6.2 Wireless Links and Network Characteristics 519
6.2.1 CDMA 522
6.3 WiFi: 802.11 Wireless LANs 526
6.3.1 The 802.11 Architecture 527
6.3.2 The 802.11 MAC Protocol 531
6.3.3 The IEEE 802.11 Frame 537
6.3.4 Mobility in the Same IP Subnet 541
6.3.5 Advanced Features in 802.11 542
6.3.6 Personal Area Networks: Bluetooth and Zipbee 544
6.4 Cellular Internet Access 546
6.4.1 An Overview of Cellular Network Architecture 547
6.4.2 3G Cellular Data Networks: Extending the Internet to Cellular Subscribers 550
6.4.3 On to 4G: LTE 553
6.5 Mobility Management: Principles 555
6.5.1 Addressing 557
6.5.2 Routing to a Mobile Node 559
6.6 Mobile IP 564
6.7 Managing Mobility in Cellular Networks 570
6.7.1 Routing Calls to a Mobile User 571
6.7.2 Handoffs in GSM 572
6.8 Wireless and Mobility: Impact on Higher-Layer Protocols 575
6.9 Summary 578
Homework Problems and Questions 578
Problems 580
Wireshark Labs 583
Interview: Deborah Estrin 584

Chapter 7 Multimedia Networking 587
7.1 Multimedia Networking Applications 588
7.1.1 Properties of Video 588
7.1.2 Properties of Audio 590
7.1.3 Types of Multimedia Network Applications 591
7.2 Streaming Stored Video 593
7.2.1 UDP Streaming 595
7.2.2 HTTP Streaming 596
7.2.3 Adaptive Streaming and DASH 600
7.2.4 Content Distribution Networks 602
7.2.5 Case Studies: Netflix, YouTube, and KanKan 608
7.3 Voice-over-IP 612
7.3.1 Limitations of the Best-Effort IP Service 612
7.3.2 Removing Jitter at the Receiver for Audio 614
7.3.3 Recovering from Packet Loss 618
7.3.4 Case Study: Internet Telephony with Skype 621
7.4 Protocols for Real-Time Interactive Applications 623
7.4.1 RTP 623
7.4.2 SIP 626
7.5 Network Support for Multimedia 632
7.5.1 Dimensioning Best-Effort Networks 634
7.5.2 Providing Multiple Classes of Service 636
7.5.3 Diffserv 648
7.5.4 Per-Connection Quality-of-Service (QoS) Guarantees:
Resource Reservation and Call Admission 652
7.6 Summary 655
Homework Problems and Questions 656
Problems 658
Programming Assignment 666
Interview: Henning Schulzrinne 668

Chapter 8 Security in Computer Networks 671
8.1 What Is Network Security? 672
8.2 Principles of Cryptography 675
8.2.1 Symmetric Key Cryptography 676
8.2.2 Public Key Encryption 683
8.3 Message Integrity and Digital Signatures 688
8.3.1 Cryptographic Hash Functions 689
8.3.2 Message Authentication Code 691
8.3.3 Digital Signatures 693
8.4 End-Point Authentication 700
8.4.1 Authentication Protocol ap1.0 700
8.4.2 Authentication Protocol ap2.0 701
8.4.3 Authentication Protocol ap3.0 701
8.4.4 Authentication Protocol ap3.1 703
8.4.5 Authentication Protocol ap4.0 703
8.5 Securing E-mail 705
8.5.1 Secure E-mail 706
8.5.2 PGP 710
8.6 Securing TCP Connections: SSL 711
8.6.1 The Big Picture 713
8.6.2 A More Complete Picture 716
8.7 Network-Layer Security: IPsec and Virtual Private Networks 718
8.7.1 IPsec and Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) 718
8.7.2 The AH and ESP Protocols 720
8.7.3 Security Associations 720
8.7.4 The IPsec Datagram 721
8.7.5 IKE: Key Management in IPsec 725
8.8 Securing Wireless LANs 726
8.8.1 Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) 726
8.8.2 IEEE802.11i 728
8.9 Operational Security: Firewalls and Intrusion Detection Systems 731
8.9.1 Firewalls 731
8.9.2 Intrusion Detection Systems 739
8.10 Summary 742
Homework Problems and Questions 744
Problems 746
Wireshark Lab 752
IPsec Lab 752
Interview: Steven M. Bellovin 753

Chapter 9 Network Management 755
9.1 What Is Network Management? 756
9.2 The Infrastructure for Network Management 760
9.3 The Internet-Standard Management Framework 764
9.3.1 Structure of Management Information: SMI 766
9.3.2 Management Information Base: MIB 770
9.3.3 SNMP Protocol Operations and Transport Mappings 772
9.3.4 Security and Administration 775
9.4 ASN.1 778
9.5 Conclusion 783
Homework Problems and Questions 783
Problems 784
Interview: Jennifer Rexford 786
References 789

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Dordal, P.F. (2016) An Introduction to Computer Networks, Release 1.8.20

Download eBook PDF (PDF 5,778KB)

Author’s web site:  http://intronetworks.cs.luc.edu/

Welcome to the website for An Introduction to Computer Networks, a free and open general-purpose computer-networking textbook, complete with diagrams and exercises. It covers the LAN, internetworking and transport layers, focusing primarily on TCP/IP. Particular attention is paid to congestion; other special topics include queuing, real-time traffic, network management, security and the ns simulator.

The book is suitable as the primary text for an undergraduate or introductory graduate course in computer networking, as a supplemental text for a wide variety of network-related courses, and as a reference work.

It is released under the Creative Commons license Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs.

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Ciccarelli, P., Faulkner, C., Fitzgerald, J., Dennis, A., Groth, D. and  Skandier, T. (2013) Introduction to Networking Basics, Second Edition, John Wiley and Sons

Download eBook PDF (PDF 40,044KB)

Student Companion Web Site: http://bcs.wiley.com/he-bcs/Books?action=index&itemId=1118077806&bcsId=6892

The second edition of Wiley Pathways Networking Basics addresses diversity and the need for flexibility. Its content focuses on the fundamentals to help grasp the subject with an emphasis on teaching job–related skills and practical applications of concepts with clear and professional language. The core competencies and skills help users succeed with a variety of built–in learning resources to practice what they need and understand the content. These resources enable readers to think critically about their new knowledge and apply their skills in any situation.

Finally there’s a resource for the networking novice! Networking Basics provides an accessible introduction to network concepts from the underlying standards, through local and wide-area network configurations, up to configurations found in massive enterprise networks. Readers will learn how to design and construct both wired and wireless networks, gaining insight into both hardware and software requirements. They’ll also find out how to match network capabilities to organizational needs

Table of Contents

New To This Edition

Olivier Bonaventure, O. (2016) Computer Networking : Principles, Protocols and Practice, lulu.com, Equity Edition printed under Creative Commons license.

Download eBook PDF (PDF 14,204KB)

Original textbook October 31, 2011 by Olivier Bonaventure, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (Cc By) license made possible by funding from The Saylor Foundation’s Open Textbook Challenge in order to be incorporated into Saylor’s collection of open courses available at: http://www.saylor.org.

Free PDF  at:

https://www.textbookequity.org/bonaventure-computer-networking-principles-protocols-and-practice/

►Bonaventure, “Computer Networking : Principles, Protocols and Practice” (2011)

This open textbook aims to fill the gap between the open-source implementations and the open-source network specifications by providing a detailed but pedagogical description of the key principles that guide the operation of the Internet. The book is released under a creative commons licence. Such an open-source license is motivated by two reasons. The first is that we hope that this will allow many students to use the book to learn computer networks. The second is that I hope that other teachers will reuse, adapt and improve it. Time will tell if it is possible to build a community of contributors to improve and develop the book further. As a starting point, the first release contains all the material for a one-semester first upper undergraduate or a graduate networking course.

Table of Contents
1 Preface
2 Introduction
2.1 Services and protocols
2.2 The reference models
2.3 Organisation of the book
3 The application Layer
3.1 Principles
3.2 Application-level protocols
3.3 Writing simple networked applications
4 The transport layer
4.1 Principles of a reliable transport protocol
4.2 The User Datagram Protocol
4.3 The Transmission Control Protocol
5 The network layer
5.1 Principles
5.2 Internet Protocol
5.3 Routing in IP networks
6 The datalink layer and the Local Area Networks
6.1 Principles
6.2 Medium Access Control
6.3 Datalink layer technologies
7 Glossary
8 Bibliography

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Microsoft Official Academic Course (2011) MTA Networking Fundamentals, Exam 98-366 (Microsoft Official Academic Course), John Wiley and Sons

Download eBook PDF (PDF 7,178KB)

Networking Fundamentals 98-366 Student Study Guide (PDF 1,754KB)

Networking Fundamentals 98-366 Resources (ZIP 26,702KB)

Student Companion Web Site: http://bcs.wiley.com/he-bcs/Books?action=index&itemId=0470901837&bcsId=6634

Students who are beginning studies in technology need a strong foundation in the basics before moving on to more advanced technology courses and certification programs.   The Microsoft Technology Associate (MTA) is a new and innovative certification track designed to provide a pathway for future success in technology courses and careers. The MTA program curriculum helps instructors teach and validate fundamental technology concepts and provides students with a foundation for their careers as well as the confidence they need to succeed in advanced studies. Through the use of MOAC MTA titles you can help ensure your students future success in and out of the classroom.  This text covers the fundamentals of local area networking,  defining networks with the OSI Model and understanding wired and wireless networks.  In addition it includes understanding Internet Protocol, implementing TCP/IP and working with networking services. Your students will better understand wide area networks along with defining network infrastructures and network security.

PowerPoints

Lesson 1.1: Understand the Concepts of the Internet, Intranet, and Extranet (PPT 736KB)

Lesson 1.2 A: Understand the Local Area Networks (LANs) (PPT 412KB)

Lesson 1.2 B: Understand VLANs, Wired LANs, and Wireless LANs (PPT 629KB)

Lesson 1.3 A: Understand Wide Area Networks (WANs) (PPT 974KB)

Lesson 1.3B: Understanding Wide Area Networks (PPT 396KB)

Lesson 1.4: Understand Wireless Networking (PPT 915KB)

Lesson 1.5: Understand Network Topologies and Access Methods (PPT 974KB)

Lesson 2.1 A: Understand Switches (PPT 653KB)

Lesson 2.1 B: Understand  Switches (PPT 689KB)

Lesson 2.2: Understand Routers (PPT 407KB)

Lesson 2.3 A: Understand Media Types Part 1 (PPT 886KB)

Lesson 2.3 B: Understand Network Media Types Part 2 (PPT 1,085KB)

Lesson 3.1 A: Understand the OSI Model Part 1 (PPT482KB)

Lesson 3.1 B: Understand the OSI Model Part 2 (PPT 449KB)

Lesson 3.2: Understand IPv4 (PPT 614KB)

Lesson 3.3 A: Understand IPv6 Part 1 (PPT 1,192KB)

Lesson 3.3 B: Understand IPv6 Part 2 (PPT 843KB)

Lesson 3.4: Understand Names Resolution (PPT 430KB)

Lesson 3.5: Understand Networking Services (PPT 402KB)

Lesson 3.6: Understand TCP/IP (PPT 869KB)

Table of Contents

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Dye, Mark, A. McDonald, Rick, and Rufi, Antoon, W. (2008) Network Fundamentals, CCNA Exploration Companion Guide, Cisco Networking Academy, Cisco Press

Network Fundamentals, CCNA Exploration Companion Guide is the official supplemental textbook for the Network Fundamentals course in the Cisco® Networking Academy® CCNA® Exploration curriculum version 4. The course, the first of four in the new curriculum, is based on a top-down approach to networking. The Companion Guide, written and edited by Networking Academy instructors, is designed as a portable desk reference to use anytime, anywhere. The book’s features reinforce the material in the course to help you focus on important concepts and organize your study time for exams.

New and improved features help you study and succeed in this course:

• Chapter objectives–Review core concepts by answering the focus questions listed at the beginning of each chapter.
• Key terms–Refer to the updated lists of networking vocabulary introduced and highlighted in context in each chapter.
• Glossary–Consult the comprehensive glossary with more than 250 terms.
• Check Your Understanding questions and answer key–Evaluate your readiness with the updated end-of-chapter questions that match the style of questions you see on the online course quizzes. The answer key explains each answer.
• Challenge questions and activities–Strive to ace more challenging review questions and activities designed to prepare you for the complex styles of questions you might see on the CCNA exam. The answer key explains each answer.

How To–Look for this icon to study the steps you need to learn to perform certain tasks.

Packet Tracer Activities– Explore networking concepts in activities interspersed throughout some chapters using Packet Tracer v4.1 developed by Cisco. The files for these activities are on the accompanying CD-ROM.

The CD-ROM provides many useful tools and information to support your education:

• Packet Tracer Activity exercise files v4.1
• VLSM Subnetting Chart
• Structured Cabling Exploration Supplement
• Taking Notes: a .txt file of the chapter objectives
• A Guide to Using a Networker’s Journal booklet
• IT Career Information
• Tips on Lifelong Learning in Networking

This book is part of the Cisco Networking Academy Series from Cisco Press®. The products in this series support and complement the Cisco Networking Academy online curriculum.

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