CIS018-1 Practice Exam Questions-Ver2-Short Ver1-6pp
Thomas L. Floyd (2009) “Digital Fundamentals” Tenth Edition, Pearson International Edition
Download PDF version of “Digital Fundamentals” Ninth Edition (NOT AVAILABLE HERE DUE TO FILE SIZE)
For Digital Electronics courses requiring a comprehensive text covering basic to advanced digital concepts with an emphasis on problem solving, troubleshooting, and applications.
Digital Fundamentals, 10th Edition gives students the problem-solving experience they’ll need in their professional careers. Known for its clear, accurate explanations of theory supported by superior exercises and examples, this book’s full-color format is packed with the visual aids today’s students need to grasp often complex concepts.
A basic and limited introduction to hardware description languages. Coverage includes VHDL and Verilog.
Thorough troubleshooting coverage. Featuring methods for testing programmable logic devices.
Digital systems applications. A feature at the end of many chapters, each of these illustrates a system application of the topics covered in the respective chapter. Many applications have realistic circuit board and instrumentation graphics to provide a “real-world” aspect.
Table of Contents
1. Digital Concepts.
2. Number Systems, Operations, and Codes.
3. Logic Gates.
4. Boolean Algebra and Logic Simplification.
5. Combinational Logic Analysis.
6. Functions of Combinational Logic.
7. Latches, Flip-Flops, and Timers.
8. Counters.
9. Shift Registers.
10. Memory and Storage.
11. Programmable Logic and Software.
12. Integrated Circuit Technologies.
Appendix A: Data Sheets.
Appendix B: Error Detection and Correction Codes.
Appendix C: Conversions.
Introduction to Boolean Algebra
From Chapter 2 – Gates, Circuits and Combinational Logic
(Clements, Alan (2006) Principles of Computer Hardware, Fourth Edition)
This is a scanned version and is not perfect – but the important content is there!
Download Boolean Algebra Part 1 and Boolean Algebra Part 2
An Introduction to Boolean Algebra (BCS)
Notes by Alan Clements
Boolean Algebra and Circuit Design (BCS)
Computer Logical Organization Tutorial
(http://www.tutorialspoint.com/computer_logical_organization/)
Computer Logical Organization refers to the level of abstraction above the digital logic level, but below the operating system level. At this level, the major components are functional units or subsystems that correspond to specific pieces of hardware built from the lower level building blocks.
This tutorial gives a complete understanding on Computer Logical Organization starting from basic computer overview till its advanced architecture.
This reference has been prepared for the students pursing either Bachelors or Masters in Computer Science to help them understand the basic-to-advanced concepts related to Computer Logical Organization.
Table of Contents
1. OVERVIEW ···························································································································· 1
Signal ························································································································································ 1
Analog Signal ············································································································································ 1
Digital Signal ············································································································································· 2
Comparison of Analog and Digital Signal ··································································································· 3
2. DIGITAL NUMBER SYSTEM ···································································································· 5
Decimal Number System ··························································································································· 5
Binary Number System ····························································································································· 6
Octal Number System ······························································································································· 6
Hexadecimal Number System ··················································································································· 7
3. NUMBER SYSTEM CONVERSION ···························································································· 9
Decimal to Other Base System ·················································································································· 9
Other Base System to Decimal System ···································································································· 10
Other Base System to Non-Decimal System ···························································································· 11
Shortcut method – Binary to Octal ·········································································································· 12
Shortcut method – Octal to Binary ·········································································································· 12
Shortcut method – Binary to Hexadecimal ······························································································ 13
Shortcut method – Hexadecimal to Binary ······························································································ 13
4. BINARY CODES ···················································································································· 15
Advantages of Binary Code ····················································································································· 15
Classification of binary codes ·················································································································· 15
Weighted Codes ······································································································································ 15
Non-Weighted Codes ······························································································································ 16
Binary Coded Decimal (BCD) code ··········································································································· 17
Alphanumeric codes ······························································································································· 18
Error Codes ············································································································································· 18
5. ERROR DETECTION AND CORRECTION ················································································ 19
What is Error? ········································································································································· 19
Error-Detecting codes ····························································································································· 19
Error-Correcting codes ···························································································································· 19
How to Detect and Correct Errors? ········································································································· 19
Parity Checking of Error Detection ·········································································································· 20
Use of Parity Bit ······································································································································ 20
How Does Error Detection Take Place? ··································································································· 21
6. CODES CONVERSION ··········································································································· 22
Binary to BCD Conversion ······················································································································· 22
BCD to Binary Conversion ······················································································································· 23
BCD to Excess-3 ······································································································································· 24
Excess-3 to BCD Conversion ···················································································································· 25
7. COMPLEMENT ARITHMETIC ································································································ 26
Binary System Complements ·················································································································· 26
8. BINARY ARITHMETIC ··········································································································· 28
Binary Addition ······································································································································· 28
Binary Subtraction ·································································································································· 28
Binary Multiplication ······························································································································ 29
Binary Division ········································································································································ 29
9. OCTAL ARITHMETIC ············································································································ 31
Octal Number System ····························································································································· 31
Octal Addition ········································································································································· 32
Octal Subtraction ···································································································································· 32
10. HEXADECIMAL ARITHMETIC ································································································ 33
Hexadecimal Number System ················································································································· 33
Hexadecimal Addition ····························································································································· 33
Hexadecimal Subtraction ························································································································ 34
11. BOOLEAN ALGEBRA ············································································································ 36
Rule in Boolean Algebra ·························································································································· 36
Boolean Laws ·········································································································································· 36
Important Boolean Theorems ················································································································· 37
12. BOOLEAN FUNCTION ·········································································································· 38
Truth Table Formation ···························································································································· 38
Methods to Simplify a Boolean Function ································································································ 39
Karnaugh-map or K-map ························································································································· 39
NAND Gates Realization ·························································································································· 40
13. DE MORGAN’S THEOREMS ·································································································· 42
Theorem 1 ·············································································································································· 42
Theorem 2 ·············································································································································· 43
14. LOGIC GATES ······················································································································· 44
AND Gate ················································································································································ 44
OR Gate ·················································································································································· 44
NOT Gate ················································································································································ 45
NAND Gate ············································································································································· 45
NOR Gate ················································································································································ 46
XOR Gate ················································································································································ 47
XNOR Gate ·············································································································································· 47
15. COMBINATIONAL CIRCUITS ································································································· 49
Half Adder ··············································································································································· 49
Full Adder ··············································································································································· 50
N-Bit Parallel Adder ································································································································ 51
N-Bit Parallel Subtractor ························································································································· 52
Half Subtractors ······································································································································ 53
Full Subtractors ······································································································································· 53
Multiplexers············································································································································ 54
Demultiplexers ······································································································································· 56
Decoder ·················································································································································· 57
2 to 4 Line Decoder ································································································································· 57
Encoder ··················································································································································· 58
Priority Encoder ······································································································································ 59
16. SEQUENTIAL CIRCUITS ········································································································ 61
Flip Flop ·················································································································································· 61
S-R Flip Flop ············································································································································ 61
Master Slave JK Flip Flop ························································································································· 63
Delay Flip Flop / D Flip Flop ····················································································································· 65
Toggle Flip Flop / T Flip Flop ···················································································································· 66
17. DIGITAL REGISTERS ············································································································· 68
Serial Input Serial Output ························································································································ 68
Serial Input Parallel Output ····················································································································· 70
Parallel Input Serial Output (PISO) ·········································································································· 71
Parallel Input Parallel Output (PIPO) ······································································································· 72
Bidirectional Shift Register ······················································································································ 73
Universal Shift Register ··························································································································· 74
18. DIGITAL COUNTERS ············································································································· 76
Asynchronous or ripple counters ············································································································ 76
Synchronous Counters ···························································································································· 78
Classification of Counters ························································································································ 80
UP/DOWN Counter ································································································································· 80
UP/DOWN Ripple Counters ····················································································································· 81
Modulus Counter (MOD-N Counter) ······································································································· 83
Application of Counters ·························································································································· 83
19. MEMORY DEVICES ·············································································································· 84
RAM ························································································································································ 85
ROM ······················································································································································· 85
Serial Access Memory ····························································································································· 86
Direct Access Memory ···························································································································· 87
Cache Memory ········································································································································ 87
Auxiliary Memory ··································································································································· 88
20. CPU ARCHITECTURE ············································································································ 89
8085 Microprocessor ······························································································································ 89
ALU ························································································································································· 89
Accumulator ··········································································································································· 90
Flags ························································································································································ 90
Register section ······································································································································ 91
Time and Control Section ························································································································ 91
Instruction Format ·································································································································· 94
Variable Instruction Formats ··················································································································· 94
Fixed Instruction Formats ······················································································································· 94
Hybrid Instruction Formats ····················································································································· 95
Addressing Modes ·································································································································· 95
Extracts from Various Books
Clements, Alan (2006) Principles of Computer Hardware, Fourth Edition
Thomas L. Floyd (2009) “Digital Fundamentals” Tenth Edition, Pearson International Edition
Chapter 3 – Sequential Logic (PDF)
(from Principles of Computer Hardware)
Basic Microprocessor Operation
(from Digital Fundamentals, p.729-730)
Digital Systems and Information
(from Logic and Computer Design Fundamentals, p.21-49)
Fundamental Gates
(Principles of Computer Hardware, p.28-31)
Introduction to Digital Works
(Principles of Computer Hardware, p.55-67)
The Basic Computer
(Principles of Computer Hardware, p.720-725)
Binary Subtraction
(from Logic and Computer and Design Fundamentals, p.173-177)
Boolean Algebra and Logic Simplification
(from Digital Fundamentals, p.173-208)
Assembly Language Tutorial
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ViNnfoE56V8)
Code & Transcript Here : http://goo.gl/j0tgfS
We’ll learn about Vim, Make, Adding, Subtracting and converting Decimals, Binaries and Hexadecimal numbers. As per Assembly Language we’ll learn about Registers, the Current Program Status Register, Receiving Input, Outputting Data to the Monitor, .global, MOV, SWI, ADD, SUB, MUL, MLA, Syscall, LDR, .text, .data, CMP, Branching and a whole lot more.